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  • Title: Long-term trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and their antenatal predictors.
    Author: Luoma I, Korhonen M, Salmelin RK, Helminen M, Tamminen T.
    Journal: J Affect Disord; 2015 Jan 01; 170():30-8. PubMed ID: 25218734.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms, often long-term or recurrent, are common among mothers of young children and a well-known risk for child well-being. We aimed to explore the antecedents of the long-term trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms and to define the antenatal factors predicting the high-symptom trajectories. METHODS: The sample comprised 329 mothers from maternity centers. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) antenatally and at two months, six months, 4-5 years, 8-9 years and 16-17 years after delivery. Maternal expectations concerning the baby were assessed with the Neonatal Perception Inventory (NPI). Background information was gathered with questionnaires. RESULTS: A model including four symptom trajectories (very low, low-stable, high-stable and intermittent) was selected to describe the symptom patterns over time. The high-stable and the intermittent trajectory were both predicted pairwise by a high antenatal EPDS sum score as well as high EPDS anxiety and depression subscores but the other predictors were specific for each trajectory. In multivariate analyses, the high-stable trajectory was predicted by a high antenatal EPDS sum score, a high EPDS anxiety subscore, diminished life satisfaction, loneliness and more negative expectations of babies on average. The intermittent trajectory was predicted by a high antenatal EPDS sum score, a poor relationship with own mother and urgent desire to conceive. LIMITATIONS: Only self-report questionnaires were used. The sample size was rather small. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a heterogeneous course and background of maternal depressive symptoms. This should be considered in intervention planning.
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