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  • Title: Levels of protein S during the normal menstrual cycle and in women on oral contraceptives low in estrogen.
    Author: Jespersen J, Nielsen MT.
    Journal: Gynecol Obstet Invest; 1989; 28(2):82-6. PubMed ID: 2529199.
    Abstract:
    Total protein S, a coagulation regulating protein, was determined by an electroimmunoassay in samples of plasma collected during one menstrual or hormone-induced cycle in 15 young women and 11 women using oral contraceptives with 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and 150 micrograms levonorgestrel. Distinct individual levels caused the with-in-group variations of plasma total protein S to be larger than the individual variations. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups, but in the hormone group there was a slight but statistically significant decrease during the hormone-induced cycle. Since several studies exist that indicate an increase in the frequency of thromboembolic disease in women using combined oral contraceptives (OCs), researchers in Denmark conducted a study to learn if there is an effect of combined OC use on levels of protein S. A vitamin K dependent protein, protein S regulates blood coagulation. Electroimmunoassay was used to determine total plasma protein S in 11 women who had been taking a combined OC with 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 150 mcg levonorgestrel for 4 months or more and in 15 women with a regular menstrual cycle and with hormone levels within the normal range. Variations in the concentration of plasma protein S of each individual during the cycle (normal or during OC administration) were smaller than those within the sampling periods of the cycle, e.g., Period I=1st 3 days after onset of bleeding. Large variations in the interindividual values caused this event. When researchers compared the mean values for each sampling period of the 2 groups using the 95% confidence interval, no significant difference existed because of overlapping of the calculated intervals (p.05). Minor and insignificant fluctuations during the normal menstrual cycle occurred. In the OC group, however, the plasma protein S concentration decreased significantly from period 2 to period 4 (p.05).
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