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  • Title: Early-life stress selectively affects gastrointestinal but not behavioral responses in a genetic model of brain-gut axis dysfunction.
    Author: Hyland NP, O'Mahony SM, O'Malley D, O'Mahony CM, Dinan TG, Cryan JF.
    Journal: Neurogastroenterol Motil; 2015 Jan; 27(1):105-13. PubMed ID: 25443141.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Early-life stress and a genetic predisposition to display an anxiety- and depressive-like phenotype are associated with behavioral and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. Animals exposed to early-life stress, and those genetically predisposed to display anxiety or depressive behaviors, have proven useful tools in which to study stress-related GI disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS is a heterogeneous disorder, and likely a consequence of both genetic and environmental factors. However, the combined effects of early-life stress and a genetic predisposition to display anxiety- and depression-like behaviors on GI function have not been investigated. METHODS: We assessed the effect of maternal separation (MS) on behavioral and GI responses in WKY animals relative to a normo-anxious reference strain. KEY RESULTS: Both non-separated (NS) WKY and WKY-MS animals displayed anxiety-like responses in the open-field test and depressive-like behaviors in the forced swim test relative to Sprague-Dawley rats. However, MS had no further influence on anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors exhibited by this stress-prone rat strain. Similarly, corticosterone levels measured after the OFT were insensitive to MS in WKY animals. However, WKY-MS displayed significantly increased colonic visceral hypersensitivity, fecal output, and altered colonic cholinergic sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: Our data suggest that early-life stress, on the background of a genetic predisposition to display an anxiety- and depressive-like phenotype, selectively influences GI function rather than stress-related behaviors. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of genetic predisposition on the outcome of early-life adversity on GI function.
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