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  • Title: Activation of HIV LTR-directed expression: analysis with pseudorabies virus immediate early gene.
    Author: Yuan R, Bohan C, Shiao FC, Robinson R, Kaplan HJ, Srinivasan A.
    Journal: Virology; 1989 Sep; 172(1):92-9. PubMed ID: 2549725.
    Abstract:
    The long terminal repeat (LTR) region of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), which regulates viral gene expression, is modulated by viral trans-acting proteins of HIV and DNA viruses and by biologically active chemical agents that induce cellular proliferation and/or differentiation. The pseudorabies virus immediate early gene (PIE) shares similar transcriptional trans-activating properties with the gene products of several other DNA viruses. The transient expression chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) assays in HeLa cells transfected with HIV long terminal repeat (LTR)-CAT and PIE plasmids demonstrated trans-activation of the HIV LTR by PIE. Analyses of 5' deletion mutants and site-directed Sp1 and transactivation responsive (TAR) region mutants of the LTR indicated PIE-responsive sequences located between -65 and -17. Synergistic cooperativity between PIE and the HIV-1 tat protein was demonstrated. PIE exhibited a marked stimulatory effect upon HIV replication in HeLa cells transfected with a biologically active HIV proviral DNA. These data provide evidence that, like a number of other DNA containing viruses, PRV can trans-activate HIV gene expression.
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