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Title: Lithium inhibits palatal fusion and osteogenic differentiation in palatal shelves in vitro. Author: Meng L, Wang X, Torensma R, Von den Hoff JW, Bian Z. Journal: Arch Oral Biol; 2015 Mar; 60(3):501-7. PubMed ID: 25555252. Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (Gsk-3β)/β-catenin signaling regulates development of the secondary palate. It has been unclear about the effects of Gsk-3β/β-catenin signaling on palatal fusion and osteogenic differentiation in palatal shelves. DESIGN: In this study, palatal shelves from mouse embryonic day 13 (E13) were cultured in vitro with or without lithium chloride (LiCl). Palatal fusion was evaluated by haematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression of osteogenic markers in palatal shelves was measured by quantitative PCR, and immunohistochemical staining. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were examined by Ki-67 immunohistochemical and TUNEL staining, respectively. Gsk-3β expression was evaluated by quantitative PCR and Western blotting. β-catenin protein expression was evaluated by Western blotting. RESULTS: After the treatment with 10 mM LiCl, palatal shelves failed to fuse, and the mRNA and protein levels of osteogenic markers were reduced compared with controls. The number of Ki67-positive cell in the palatal osteoid was significantly higher in the LiCl group than in the controls. The apoptotic cells in the midline epithelial seam were reduced by LiCl. Gsk-3β mRNA and protein expression levels decreased and β-catenin protein expression levels increased by treatment of LiCl. CONCLUSION: Our findings show that LiCl-mediated GSK3β inhibition prevents palatal fusion and osteogenic differentiation in palatal shelves by increased β-catenin signaling. It indicated that overactivation of canonical Wnt signaling might impair the fusion of the secondary palate.[Abstract] [Full Text] [Related] [New Search]