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  • Title: An 11 μW Sub-pJ/bit Reconfigurable Transceiver for mm-Sized Wireless Implants.
    Author: Yakovlev A, Jang JH, Pivonka D.
    Journal: IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst; 2016 Feb; 10(1):175-85. PubMed ID: 25616075.
    Abstract:
    A wirelessly powered 11 μW transceiver for implantable devices has been designed and demonstrated through 35 mm of porcine heart tissue. The prototype was implemented in 65 nm CMOS occupying 1 mm × 1 mm with a 2 mm × 2 mm off-chip antenna. The IC consists of a rectifier, regulator, demodulator, modulator, controller, and sensor interface. The forward link transfers power and data on a 1.32 GHz carrier using low-depth ASK modulation that minimizes impact on power delivery and achieves from 4 to 20 Mbps with 0.3 pJ/bit at 4 Mbps. The backscattering link modulates the antenna impedance with a configurable load for operation in diverse biological environments and achieves up to 2 Mbps at 0.7 pJ/bit. The device supports TDMA, allowing for operation of multiple devices from a single external transceiver.
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