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  • Title: Short-term clinical outcome of normotensive patients with acute PE and high plasma lactate.
    Author: Vanni S, Jiménez D, Nazerian P, Morello F, Parisi M, Daghini E, Pratesi M, López R, Bedate P, Lobo JL, Jara-Palomares L, Portillo AK, Grifoni S.
    Journal: Thorax; 2015 Apr; 70(4):333-8. PubMed ID: 25661114.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Strategies for identifying normotensive patients with acute symptomatic PE at high risk of PE-related complications remain to be defined. METHODS: This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the role of plasma lactate levels in the risk assessment of normotensive patients with acute PE. Outcomes assessed over the 7 days after the diagnosis of PE included PE-related mortality and haemodynamic collapse, defined as need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg for at least 15 min, need for catecholamine administration, or need for mechanical ventilation. RESULTS: Between December 2012 and January 2014, the study enrolled 496 normotensive outpatients with acute symptomatic PE. PE-related complications occurred in 20 (4.0%; 95% CI 2.5% to 6.2%) of the 496 patients. These patients had higher baseline lactate levels (median 2.66 mmol/L; IQR 1.56-5.96 mmol/L) than patients without complications (1.20 mmol/L; IQR 1.20-2.00 mmol/L) (p<0.001). Overall, 135 patients (27.2%) had plasma lactate ≥2 mmol/L. Fourteen (10.4%) of them had PE-related complications versus 6 of 361 patients with low lactate (negative predictive value 98.3%; p<0.001). Patients with elevated plasma lactate had an increased rate of PE-related complications (adjusted OR 5.3; 95% CI 1.9 to 14.4; p=0.001) compared with those with low lactate. The combination of elevated plasma lactate with markers of right ventricular dysfunction (by echocardiogram) and myocardial injury (by cardiac troponin) was a particularly useful prognostic indicator (positive predictive value 17.9%; 95% CI 6.1% to 36.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Plasma lactate represents a powerful predictor of short-term PE-related complications and may provide guidance for decision-making in PE care.
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