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  • Title: Dietary modifications to improve micronutrient status of Indian children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
    Author: Parthasarathy LS, Chiplonkar SA, Khadilkar AV, Khadilkar VV.
    Journal: Asia Pac J Clin Nutr; 2015; 24(1):73-82. PubMed ID: 25740745.
    Abstract:
    INTRODUCTION: Diet plays a crucial role for maintaining normal growth and development while optimizing glycemic control in children with diabetes. Dietary restrictions, in a diabetic child's diet may lead to micronutrient deficiencies. OBJECTIVES: To examine dietary nutritional deficiencies of Asian Indian children with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and develop micronutrient-rich recipes suitable for them. METHODS: Anthropometry, diet (3-day recall) of 70 children with diabetes (24 boys) was recorded. Daily nutrient intakes and nutrient content of recipes were estimated using CDIET version 2.0. RESULTS: Mean intake amongst children for energy was 79% of Indian Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), protein was 105% RDA, but fat intakes were high (143% RDA). Mean intakes of riboflavin, β carotene, zinc, iron were less than 50%, and thiamin and calcium were around 60% RDA suggesting a possible multiple micronutrient deficiency. Based on popularly consumed snacks, 20 healthy recipes were devised that can be incorporated in children's diet. Mean energy content of new recipes was similar to routine snacks (281±28 kcal/100 g vs 306±27 kcal/100 g cooked weight). However, the mean vitamin and mineral content of new recipes was significantly higher (p<0.01). There was a five-fold increase in total mineral content (zinc, calcium and iron) and twofold increase in total vitamin content (β carotene, vitamin C, vitamin B-1, B-2, and B-3) in new recipes compared with the routine snacks. CONCLUSION: Multiple dietary micronutrient deficiencies are observed in diabetic children. Addition of newly developed recipes in their everyday diet may help to enhance micronutrient intakes without increasing their energy load. 引言：对糖尿病患儿来说，饮食在优化控制血糖同时还会对儿童正常生长发 育至关重要。糖尿病儿童的饮食限制可能会导致微量元素缺乏。目的：探讨 亚洲的印度1 型糖尿病儿童的膳食营养缺乏和开发适合他们含有丰富微量元 素的食谱。方法：记录了70 名糖尿病患儿（24 名男童）人体测量学参数及3 天饮食回忆。用CDIET 2.0 估计每日营养素摄入量及食谱的营养素含量。结 果：儿童平均摄入的能量是印度推荐膳食供给量（RDA）的79%，蛋白质为 RDA 的 105%，而脂肪较高（RDA 的143%）。而核黄素、β 胡萝卜素、锌、 铁的平均摄入量低于RDA 的50%，硫胺素和钙分别在RDA 的60%左右，提 示多种微量元素缺乏。基于流行消费的零食，新设计的20 种健康食谱可纳入 儿童的饮食。新食谱的平均能量含量于常规食谱相似（281±28 kcal/100 g 、 306±27 kcal/100 g 熟重）。而新食谱的平均维生素和矿物质含量都明显高于常 规小吃（p<0.01）。与传统配方相比，总矿物质含量（锌、钙、铁）增加5 倍，总维生素含量（β 胡萝卜素、维生素C、维生素B-1、B-2 和B-3）增加了两 倍。结论：糖尿病儿童的饮食中缺乏多种微量元素。新食谱可以在不增加他 们能量负担的同时增加微量元素摄入量。
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