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  • Title: Stille Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation Using Pd-PEPPSI-IPr for High-Molecular-Weight Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene).
    Author: Qiu Y, Mohin J, Tsai CH, Tristram-Nagle S, Gil RR, Kowalewski T, Noonan KJ.
    Journal: Macromol Rapid Commun; 2015 May; 36(9):840-4. PubMed ID: 25757046.
    Abstract:
    A commercially available palladium N-heterocyclic carbene (Pd-NHC) precatalyst is used to initiate chain-growth polymerization of 2-bromo-3-hexyl-5-trimethylstannylthiophene. The molecular weight of the resultant poly(3-hexylthiophene) can be modulated (7 to 73 kDa, Đ = 1.14 to 1.53) by varying the catalyst concentration. Mass spectrometry data confirm control over the polymer end groups and (1)H NMR spectroscopy reveals that the palladium catalyst is capable of "ring-walking". A linear relationship between Mn and monomer conversion is observed. Atomic force microscopy and X-ray scattering verify the regioregular nature of the resultant polythiophene.
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