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  • Title: Gap reversal at filling factors 3+1/3 and 3+1/5: towards novel topological order in the fractional quantum Hall regime.
    Author: Kleinbaum E, Kumar A, Pfeiffer LN, West KW, Csáthy GA.
    Journal: Phys Rev Lett; 2015 Feb 20; 114(7):076801. PubMed ID: 25763967.
    Abstract:
    In the region of the second Landau level several theories predict fractional quantum Hall states with novel topological order. We report the opening of an energy gap at the filling factor ν=3+1/3, firmly establishing the ground state as a fractional quantum Hall state. This and other odd-denominator states unexpectedly break particle-hole symmetry. Specifically, we find that the relative magnitudes of the energy gaps of the ν=3+1/3 and 3+1/5 states from the upper spin branch are reversed when compared to the ν=2+1/3 and 2+1/5 counterpart states in the lower spin branch. Our findings raise the possibility that at least one of the former states is of an unusual topological order.
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