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  • Title: Dietary Effects on Plasma Glycerophospholipids.
    Author: Uhl O, Hellmuth C, Demmelmair H, Zhou SJ, Makrides M, Prosser C, Lowry D, Gibson RA, Koletzko B.
    Journal: J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr; 2015 Sep; 61(3):367-72. PubMed ID: 25782660.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: Human milk provides a complex mixture of animal lipids, whereas the fat supply of most modern infant formula is based on vegetable oils. We studied the effects of breast-feeding and of feeding infant formula either without or with dairy goat lipids on the composition of infant plasma glycerophospholipids. METHODS: Healthy-term infants were randomized double blind to feeding with infant formula based on whole goats' milk (GIF, approximately 60% milk fat and 40% vegetable oils) or a control cows' milk infant formula based on vegetable oils (VIF) from 2 weeks after birth. A reference group of fully breast-fed infants was also followed. At the age 4 months, blood samples were collected and plasma glycerophospholipids were analyzed with liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The group of breast-fed infants showed significantly higher contents of glycerophospholipid species containing sn-2 palmitic acid [PC(16:0/16:0) and PC(18:0/16:0)] and significantly higher contents of glycerophospholipid species containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids than infants in both formula groups. The GIF group demonstrated significantly higher glycerophospholipid species containing myristic acid [LPC(14:0), PC(14:0/18:1), PC(16:0/14:0)] and palmitoleic acid [LPC(16:1), PC(16:0/16:1), and PC(16:1/18:1)] than the VIF group. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that breast-feeding induces marked differences in infant plasma glycerophospholipid profiles compared with formula feeding, whereas the studied different sources of formula fat resulted in limited effects on plasma glycerophospholipids.
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