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  • Title: Rapid Emergence of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Subtypes from a Subtype H5N1 Hemagglutinin Variant.
    Author: de Vries E, Guo H, Dai M, Rottier PJ, van Kuppeveld FJ, de Haan CA.
    Journal: Emerg Infect Dis; 2015 May; 21(5):842-6. PubMed ID: 25897518.
    Abstract:
    In 2014, novel highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N2, H5N5, H5N6, and H5N8 viruses caused outbreaks in Asia, Europe, and North America. The H5 genes of these viruses form a monophyletic group that evolved from a clade 2.3.4 H5N1 variant. This rapid emergence of new H5Nx combinations is unprecedented in the H5N1 evolutionary history.
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