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  • Title: Cationization of kappa- and iota-carrageenan--Characterization and properties of amphoteric polysaccharides.
    Author: Barahona T, Prado HJ, Bonelli PR, Cukierman AL, Fissore EL, Gerschenson LN, Matulewicz MC.
    Journal: Carbohydr Polym; 2015 Aug 01; 126():70-7. PubMed ID: 25933524.
    Abstract:
    Commercial kappa- and iota carrageenans were cationized with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. For kappa-carrageenan three derivatives with different degrees of substitution were obtained. Native and amphoteric kappa-carrageenans were characterized by NMR and infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron and atomic force microscopy; methanolysis products were studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Young moduli and the strain at break of films, differential scanning calorimetry, rheological and flocculation behavior were also evaluated; the native and the amphoteric derivatives showed different and interesting properties. Cationization of iota-carrageenan was more difficult, indicating as it was previously observed for agarose, that substitution starts preferentially on the 2-position of 3,6-anhydrogalactose residues; in iota-carrageenan this latter unit is sulfated.
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