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  • Title: All-polyethylene tibial components generate higher stress and micromotions than metal-backed tibial components in total knee arthroplasty.
    Author: Brihault J, Navacchia A, Pianigiani S, Labey L, De Corte R, Pascale V, Innocenti B.
    Journal: Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc; 2016 Aug; 24(8):2550-9. PubMed ID: 25957612.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: Most total knee arthroplasty tibial components are metal-backed, but an alternative tibial component made entirely of polyethylene (all-polyethylene design) exists. While several clinical studies have shown that all-poly design performs similarly to the metal-backed, the objective of this study is to perform a biomechanical comparison. METHODS: Loads, constraints and geometries during a squat activity at 120° of flexion were obtained from a validated musculoskeletal model and applied to a finite element model. Stresses in the tibia and micromotions at the bone-implant interface were evaluated for several implant configurations: (1) three different thicknesses of the cement penetration under the baseplate (2, 3 and 4 mm), (2) the presence or absence of a cement layer around the stem of the tibial tray and (3) three different bone conditions (physiological, osteopenic and osteoporotic bone). RESULTS: All-polyethylene tibial components resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.001) and more uneven stress distributions in the cancellous bone under the baseplate (peak difference: +128.4 %) and fivefold increased micromotions (p < 0.001). Performance of both implant designs worsened with poorer bone quality with peaks in stress and micromotion variations of +40.8 and +54.0 %, respectively (p < 0.001). Performance improvements when the stem was cemented were not statistically significant (n.s.). CONCLUSION: The metal-backed design showed better biomechanical performance during a squat activity at 120° of flexion compared to the all-polyethylene design. These results should be considered when selecting the appropriate tibial component for a patient, especially in the presence of osteoporotic bone or if intense physical activity is foreseen.
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