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  • Title: Benign esophageal tumors.
    Author: Ha C, Regan J, Cetindag IB, Ali A, Mellinger JD.
    Journal: Surg Clin North Am; 2015 Jun; 95(3):491-514. PubMed ID: 25965126.
    Abstract:
    Benign esophageal and paraesophageal masses and cysts are a rare but important group of pathologies. Although often asymptomatic, these lesions can cause a variety of symptoms and, in some cases, demonstrate variable biological behavior. Contemporary categorization relies heavily on endoscopic ultrasound and other imaging modalities and immunohistochemical analysis when appropriate. Minimally invasive options including endoscopic, laparoscopic, and thoracoscopic methods are increasingly used for symptomatic or indeterminate lesions.
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