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  • Title: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass attenuates the progression of cardiometabolic complications in obese diabetic rats via alteration in gastrointestinal hormones.
    Author: Lau RG, Kumar S, Hall CE, Palaia T, Rideout DA, Hall K, Brathwaite CE, Ragolia L.
    Journal: Surg Obes Relat Dis; 2015; 11(5):1044-53. PubMed ID: 25980330.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) ameliorates type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity through alteration in gastrointestinal (GI) hormones. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of RYGB on GI hormones and cardiometabolic parameters in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rodents. SETTING: Winthrop University Hospital, Research and Academic Center METHODS: Animals were divided into 3 groups, pair-fed (n = 4), ad lib (n = 4), and RYGB (n = 5). This study was carried out for 4 weeks and all related parameters were measured pre- and postsurgery in fasted obese diabetic Zucker rodents. RESULTS: Postoperatively, RYGB significantly decreased fasting blood glucose by 32% compared with ad lib. Plasma insulin and leptin levels were also found to be significantly decreased, by 66% and 38%, respectively, after surgery. Moreover, both glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) were significantly increased after RYGB-by 300% and 51%, respectively. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels were also increased, but the increase was not statistically significant. Total cholesterol levels of the RYGB group remained unchanged for 4 weeks. However, total cholesterol in the ad lib and pair-fed groups increased by 25% and 34%, respectively, compared with initial levels. The cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio was decreased in the RYGB group by 14% and 30% compared with the ad lib and pair-fed group, respectively. The RYGB group had a significant decrease in aortic wall thickness of 25% compared with the ad lib and pair-fed groups. Similarly, the RYGB group had a 20-unit (mm Hg) decrease in systolic blood pressure compared with the presurgical value. CONCLUSION: RYGB has beneficial cardiometabolic effects through alterations in GI hormones in a severely obese and diabetic rodent model.
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