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  • Title: Iron, folic acid and zinc intakes and status of low socio-economic pregnant and lactating Amazonian women.
    Author: Lehti KK.
    Journal: Eur J Clin Nutr; 1989 Aug; 43(8):505-13. PubMed ID: 2598892.
    Abstract:
    Dietary intakes were obtained by 24-h recall from 25 women in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy and 25 women in the first 3 months of lactation from eight towns in the Amazon valley. No consistent differences were found between the towns, so the results have been analysed together. Intakes of iron, free and total folate and zinc were nearly all very low compared with current recommendations. Despite their low intakes, the majority of the women had acceptable values of haemoglobin, haematocrit and MCHC. Serum folate concentrations were almost all extremely low (less than 2.5 ng/ml). The levels of RBC folate were also low, but in general not as severely so as those for serum folate. Serum zinc concentrations ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 microgram/ml, whereas the lower limit of acceptability has been put by various authors as 0.59-0.69 microgram/ml according to the stage of pregnancy. In breast milk, total folate in the majority of women ranged from 25 to 50 ng/ml, the greater part of it being in the free form. Zinc levels in breast milk were within the range 0-2 microgram/ml. Dietary intakes were obtained by 24-hour recall from 25 women in the 1st and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy and from 25 women during their 1st 3 months of lactation from 8 towns in the Amazon valley. No consistent differences were found between the towns and therefore the results have been analyzed together. Intakes of iron, free and total folate, and zinc were nearly all very low intakes, the majority of the women had acceptable values of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and MCHC. Serum folate concentrations were almost all extremely low ( 2.5 ng/ml). The levels of RBC folate were also low, but in general not as severely as those for serum folate. Serum zinc concentrations ranged from 0.2-0.7 mcg/ml, whereas the lower limit of acceptability has been put by various authors as 0.59-0.69 mcg/ml according to the stage of pregnancy. In breastmilk, total folate in the majority of women ranged from 25-50 ng/ml, the greater portion of it being in its free form. Zinc levels in breastmilk were within the 0-2 mcg/ml range.
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