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  • Title: The gait and energy efficiency of stance control knee-ankle-foot orthoses: A literature review.
    Author: Rafiaei M, Bahramizadeh M, Arazpour M, Samadian M, Hutchins SW, Farahmand F, Mardani MA.
    Journal: Prosthet Orthot Int; 2016 Apr; 40(2):202-14. PubMed ID: 26055252.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: The use of knee-ankle-foot orthoses with drop locked knee joints produces some limitations for walking in subjects with quadriceps muscle weakness. The development of stance control orthoses can potentially improve their functionality. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to compare the evidence of the effect of stance control orthoses to knee-ankle-foot orthoses with drop locked knee joints in improving kinematic variables and energy efficiency of walking by subjects with quadriceps muscle weakness caused by different pathologies. STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. METHODS: Based on selected keywords and their composition, a search was performed in Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ISI Web of Knowledge databases. In total, 18 articles were finally chosen for review. RESULTS: The results of this study demonstrated that this type of orthosis can improve the walking parameters of subjects with quadriceps muscle weakness and spinal cord injury patients when compared to a locked knee-ankle-foot orthosis. CONCLUSION: There is evidence to show that stance control orthosis designs improve the gait kinematics but not energetic of knee-ankle-foot orthosis users. Development of new designs of stance control orthoses to provide a more normal pattern of walking is still required. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Stance control orthoses are a new generation of orthotic intervention that could potentially be significant in assisting to improve the gait kinematics by knee-ankle-foot orthosis users.
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