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  • Title: Contribution of the cerebellum to cognitive performance in children and adolescents with multiple sclerosis.
    Author: Weier K, Till C, Fonov V, Yeh EA, Arnold DL, Banwell B, Collins DL.
    Journal: Mult Scler; 2016 Apr; 22(5):599-607. PubMed ID: 26203072.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Posterior fossa lesions are common in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (MS), which is of concern, given the known role of the cerebellum in cognition. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between cerebellar pathology and cognitive function in youth with pediatric-onset MS. METHODS: Twenty-eight pediatric-onset relapsing-remitting MS patients (21 girls; mean age 16.2 years; mean disease duration 4.3 years, median Expanded Disability Status Scale 1.25) were compared to 33 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Participants underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological evaluation to assess intelligence, attention, processing speed, language, visuo-motor integration, and fine-motor dexterity. Associations between cognitive outcomes and cerebellar volume independent of cerebral volume were examined. RESULTS: Cognitive and motor performance of the MS group was reduced relative to controls (all p<0.003). While cerebellar volumes did not differ between groups, cerebellar posterior lobe volume and infratentorial lesion volume accounted for extra variance on measures of information processing (R(2)=0.43; p=0.02) and vocabulary (R(2)=0.56; p=0.04) in patients (controlling for cerebral volume and sex), but not in controls. CONCLUSION: Smaller cerebellar posterior lobe volume, a known region for cognitive processing, and increased lesion burden in the posterior fossa adversely impact cognitive function, an important functional consequence of MS onset during childhood.
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