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  • Title: Retinal Architecture in ​RGS9- and ​R9AP-Associated Retinal Dysfunction (Bradyopsia).
    Author: Strauss RW, Dubis AM, Cooper RF, Ba-Abbad R, Moore AT, Webster AR, Dubra A, Carroll J, Michaelides M.
    Journal: Am J Ophthalmol; 2015 Dec; 160(6):1269-1275.e1. PubMed ID: 26343007.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: To characterize photoreceptor structure and mosaic integrity in subjects with ​RGS9- and R9AP-associated retinal dysfunction (bradyopsia) and compare to previous observations in other cone dysfunction disorders such as oligocone trichromacy. DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: setting: Moorfields Eye Hospital (United Kingdom) and Medical College Wisconsin (USA). STUDY POPULATION: Six eyes of 3 subjects with disease-causing variants in ​RGS9 or R9AP. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Detailed retinal imaging using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and confocal adaptive-optics scanning light ophthalmoscopy. RESULTS: Cone density at 100 μm from foveal center ranged from 123 132 cones/mm(2) to 140 013 cones/mm(2). Cone density ranged from 30 573 to 34 876 cones/mm(2) by 600 μm from center and from 15 987 to 16,253 cones/mm(2) by 1400 μm from center, in keeping with data from normal subjects. Adaptive-optics imaging identified a small, focal hyporeflective lesion at the foveal center in both eyes of the subject with RGS9-associated disease, corresponding to a discrete outer retinal defect also observed on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography; however, the photoreceptor mosaic remained intact at all other observed eccentricities. CONCLUSIONS: Bradyopsia and oligocone trichromacy share common clinical symptoms and cannot be discerned on standard clinical findings alone. Adaptive-optics imaging previously demonstrated a sparse mosaic of normal wave-guiding cones remaining at the fovea, with no visible structure outside the central fovea in oligocone trichromacy. In contrast, the subjects presented in this study with molecularly confirmed bradyopsia had a relatively intact and structurally normal photoreceptor mosaic, allowing the distinction between these disorders based on the cellular phenotype and suggesting different pathomechanisms.
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