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  • Title: Maternal mortality in China.
    Author: Yan RY.
    Journal: World Health Forum; 1989; 10(3-4):327-30. PubMed ID: 2637703.
    Abstract:
    Within 10 years of the establishment of the People's Republic, maternal mortality in China had fallen by 98%. High values, however, persist in the less developed parts of the country. 2 studies have been done in China: 1) a longitudinal study on maternal mortality in Beijing from 1949 to 1983; and 2) a cross-sectional study on maternal mortality in the year 1984 in 21 of 29 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions. A maternal and child health network for care and referral of abnormal cases was set up with ambulances and transfusion facilities in place and training for traditional birth attendants. Aseptic delivery reduced the number of deaths due to sepsis from 213/100,000 live births to 4.2 in 5 years and to 0 in 9 years. Deaths from hemorrhage (including ruptured uterus) dropped by 86% in 5 years. With legalized abortion came a dramatic fall in maternal mortality from 685,100/000 live births to 15, a decrease of 98%. In 1949, 27% of women who died in childbirth had received hospital care; another 27% had no cure. In 1958, however, 80% of the fetal cases had obtained hospital care; the remaining 20% had been seen by a traditional practitioner or health worker. From 1959-68, the total maternal mortality was 1.3-28.1/1 00,000. From 69-78, the turmoil of the cultural revolution had "ill effects" on maternal and child health but by 1979, order was brought back again. The cross-sectional study covered a population of about 177 million. About 2.5 million live births occurred. 1211 maternal deaths were registered for a maternal mortality rate of 48.4/100,000. Maternal mortality varied a good deal in different parts of the country--from 17.7 in Shanghai to 108.2 in the region of the Hai people in Ningxia in northwest China. Maternal mortality rates correspond roughly to the level of economic development. The 5 main causes of death were hemorrhage, heart failure, pregnancy- induced hypertension (including eclampsia), postpartum infection and liver failure.
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