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  • Title: Astroglial Control of the Antidepressant-Like Effects of Prefrontal Cortex Deep Brain Stimulation.
    Author: Etiévant A, Oosterhof C, Bétry C, Abrial E, Novo-Perez M, Rovera R, Scarna H, Devader C, Mazella J, Wegener G, Sánchez C, Dkhissi-Benyahya O, Gronfier C, Coizet V, Beaulieu JM, Blier P, Lucas G, Haddjeri N.
    Journal: EBioMedicine; 2015 Aug; 2(8):898-908. PubMed ID: 26425697.
    Abstract:
    Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) shows promising efficacy as a therapy for intractable depression, the neurobiological bases underlying its therapeutic action remain largely unknown. The present study was aimed at characterizing the effects of infralimbic prefrontal cortex (IL-PFC) DBS on several pre-clinical markers of the antidepressant-like response and at investigating putative non-neuronal mechanism underlying DBS action. We found that DBS induced an antidepressant-like response that was prevented by IL-PFC neuronal lesion and by adenosine A1 receptor antagonists including caffeine. Moreover, high frequency DBS induced a rapid increase of hippocampal mitosis and reversed the effects of stress on hippocampal synaptic metaplasticity. In addition, DBS increased spontaneous IL-PFC low-frequency oscillations and both raphe 5-HT firing activity and synaptogenesis. Unambiguously, a local glial lesion counteracted all these neurobiological effects of DBS. Further in vivo electrophysiological results revealed that this astrocytic modulation of DBS involved adenosine A1 receptors and K(+) buffering system. Finally, a glial lesion within the site of stimulation failed to counteract the beneficial effects of low frequency (30 Hz) DBS. It is proposed that an unaltered neuronal-glial system constitutes a major prerequisite to optimize antidepressant DBS efficacy. It is also suggested that decreasing frequency could heighten antidepressant response of partial responders.
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