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  • Title: The long-term results and prognostic significance of cutaneous melanoma surgery using sentinel node biopsy with triple technique.
    Author: Rutkowski P, Szydłowski K, Nowecki ZI, Sałamacha M, Goryń T, Mitręga-Korab B, Pieńkowski A, Dziewirski W, Zdzienicki M.
    Journal: World J Surg Oncol; 2015 Oct 13; 13():299. PubMed ID: 26462471.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: The sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLN) is a basic staging method in all primary cutaneous melanomas ≥pT1b. The standard technique is a triple technique consisting of preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative blue-dye lymphography, and gamma-probe assessment. We performed the analysis of long-term results in a very large one-institution series of cutaneous melanoma patients. METHODS: We have analyzed treatment results of a group of 1764 consecutive patients with cutaneous melanoma, who underwent SLN biopsy between 1997 and 2008 in one tertiary center. Additionally, we have analyzed the outcomes of a group of 473 patients with positive SLN biopsy undergoing completion lymph node dissection (CLND). Median follow-up time was 5.3 years. RESULTS: Metastases to SLN (SLN+) were found in 19.9%. Eight-year overall survival (OS) rate in the entire group was 73.5%, 80% without SLN metastases (SLN-) and 50% in group with SLN+ (p < 0.001). Independent prognostic factors for OS were as follows: presence of metastases to SLN, primary tumor ulceration, and higher mitotic index (>5/mm(2)) of primary tumor. The nodal recurrences in the biopsied lymphatic basin were 5.4%. The metastases to non-sentinel lymph nodes (NSLN found in 27% of patients with SLN+) correlated (on multivariable logistic regression analysis) with primary tumor thickness >4 mm, SLN metastatic deposit size >1 mm, and extracapsular involvement of SLN. In an additionally analyzed SLN+ group, the NSLN involvement was related to poorer prognosis (8-year OS rate NSLN- vs NSLN+: 59.6 vs. 34.7%, respectively). The independent prognostic factors for OS in the SLN+ group were a higher Breslow thickness and ulceration of primary tumor, metastases to more than 1 lymph nodes. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term results confirm crucial prognostic significance of SLN biopsy in cutaneous melanoma. We identified factors related to NSLN involvement, which in the future may limit indications for CLND.
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