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  • Title: Association Between Clinical Signs of Temporomandibular Disorders and Psychological Distress Among an Adult Finnish Population.
    Author: Tuuliainen L, Sipilä K, Mäki P, Könönen M, Suominen AL.
    Journal: J Oral Facial Pain Headache; 2015; 29(4):370-7. PubMed ID: 26485384.
    Abstract:
    AIMS: To evaluate the association between signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and psychological distress in a general population-based sample of Finnish adults. METHODS: The Health 2000 Survey was conducted in 2000-2001 by the National Institute for Health and Welfare in Finland. Of the sample of adults aged 30 or over (n=8,028), 79% participated in a clinical oral health examination, which included examination of TMD signs. The participants (n=6,155) also completed questionnaires, including the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), which measured psychological distress. Associations between TMD signs and psychological distress measured by the GHQ-12 were examined in both genders. Statistical measures included chi-square tests, t tests, and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: The prevalence of the TMD signs (limited opening, clicking, crepitation, temporomandibular joint [TMJ] palpation pain, and muscle palpation pain) was 11.2%, 17.6%, 10.5%, 5.1%, and 18.9% in women, and 6.1%, 12.9%, 5.3%, 2.4%, and 7.2% in men, respectively. High GHQ-12 scores, measured as continuous variables and in quartiles by distress level, were significantly associated with masticatory muscle pain on palpation in both genders (P<.05) and with TMJ pain on palpation in women (P<.05). Additionally, high GHQ-12 scores as continuous were associated with TMJ crepitation in men (P<.05). The logistic regression analyses showed that higher GHQ-12 scores were associated significantly with masticatory muscle pain on palpation both in women (odds ratio [OR]=2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.6-2.9) and men (OR=2.03; 95% CI=1.3-3.1). CONCLUSION: TMD signs and psychological distress appear to be associated. However, due to the limitations of the study, the findings can be regarded as preliminary.
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