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  • Title: Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and progression to dementia.
    Author: Galtier I, Nieto A, Lorenzo JN, Barroso J.
    Journal: J Clin Exp Neuropsychol; 2016; 38(1):40-50. PubMed ID: 26602176.
    Abstract:
    INTRODUCTION: Mild cognitive impairment is common in nondemented Parkinson disease patients (PD-MCI) and is considered as a risk factor for dementia (PDD). Recently, the Movement Disorder Society (MDS) published guidelines for PD-MCI, although the studies available are still limited. The aim of this work was to characterize PD-MCI and its progression to dementia. Moreover, the study variables could be considered as predictors for the progression of cognitive impairment. METHOD: The study included 43 patients with idiopathic PD (mean age = 59.19 years, SD = 9.64) and 20 healthy and neurologically normal controls (mean age = 60.85 years, SD = 12.26). The criteria proposed by the MDS Task Force were applied for the PD-MCI diagnosis. Follow-up assessments were conducted within six to eight years after the diagnosis of PD-MCI. RESULTS: The results showed that 60.5% of the patients were diagnosed with PD-MCI when a comprehensive assessment was performed (MDS criteria Level 2), while 23.3% of the patients met MCI criteria when a brief assessment was used (MDS criteria Level 1). Multiple domain impairment was the most frequent impairment (96.2%). A total of 42.3% of PD-MCI patients had dementia in the follow-up study. Logistic regression showed that the Hoehn and Yahr stage and education significantly contributed to the prediction of PD-MCI. Moreover, the Hoehn and Yahr stage and memory domain significantly contributed to the prediction of dementia. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study: (a) provide relevant data about the process of validation of the MDS PD-MCI criteria, (b) reinforce the hypothesis that PD-MCI is more frequent than previous studies showed without applying MDS criteria, and (c) confirm that PD-MCI is a risk factor for the onset of dementia. Finally, the study shows that neurological impairment, educational level and memory impairment were predictors for the progression of cognitive impairment.
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