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  • Title: The incidence of beta-lactamase-producing pathogens.
    Author: Acar JF, Kitzis MD, Gutmann L.
    Journal: APMIS Suppl; 1989; 5():2-8. PubMed ID: 2660867.
    Abstract:
    In addition to the bacteria which naturally are able to enzymatically inactive penicillins and/or cephalosporins, a large number of species may develop this ability through mutation, acquisition of plasmids, or insertion of transposons. Characterization of the beta-lactamase activity of various pathogens has shown that a wide variety of enzymes exists and that new ones continue to evolve. The distribution of the genes for the numerous beta-lactamases vary according to geographic location and pathogen. Recently beta-lactamase inhibitors (sulbactam and clavulanic acid) have become available which, in combination with different beta-lactam antibiotics, expand the activity of those hydrolyzable antibiotics to pathogens producing beta-lactamases. The epidemiology of resistant pathogens and of the beta-lactamase genes that make them resistant are important factors in evaluating the role of these beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations.
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