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  • Title: Continuous cardiac output determination using transtracheal Doppler: initial results in humans.
    Author: Abrams JH, Weber RE, Holmen KD.
    Journal: Anesthesiology; 1989 Jul; 71(1):11-5. PubMed ID: 2665572.
    Abstract:
    Transtracheal Doppler, a procedure developed in the authors' laboratory, provides an estimate of cardiac output in endotracheally intubated dogs. The present study reports initial results in humans with a Doppler probe incorporated into an endotracheal tube. The system was first calibrated by empirically determining phi, the angle of the ultrasound beam with respect to the blood velocity vector. For a best least squares fit for phi, aortic diameters can be calibrated over a range of 22-37 mm. The calibration was then tested in a separate group of patients using the same empirically derived angle to calculate cardiac outputs. The transtracheal Doppler cardiac outputs show good correlation with those obtained by thermodilution over a range of cardiac outputs, 2.69-8.62 1/min, R2 = 0.835.
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