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Title: [The importance of sleep deprivation as a mechanism for activating interictal epileptiform paroxysms].
Author: Navas P, Rodríguez-Santos L, Bauzano-Poley E, Lara JP, Barbancho MÁ.
Journal: Rev Neurol; 2016 Apr 01; 62(7):289-95. PubMed ID: 26988166.
Abstract:
INTRODUCTION: Although sleep deprivation has been used for years in electroencephalography (EEG) as a method for activating interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) in patients with a strong suspicion of epilepsy, its sensitivity and specificity are still under discussion. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive retrospective study of paediatric patients who were referred to a neurophysiology clinic for epilepsy assessment. The results of the sleep-deprived EEG (SD-EEG) were compared with those of the wakefulness EEG (W-EEG) carried out in each patient in order to describe the performance of each method as a mechanism for activating IED. RESULTS: A total of 500 patients were analysed (830 SD-EEG and 1018 W-EEG). IED were detected in 44% of the W-EEG. SD-EEG increased the capacity of the test to detect IED by 35%. IED (not detected in the W-EEG) were detected in 25.1% of the SD-EEG in which spontaneous sleep was achieved. In the group of focal epilepsies, it was found that W-EEG detected IED in 60.1% versus the 79.12% displayed with SD-EEG. In generalised epilepsies this difference was more marked (27.2% and 77.2%, respectively). In patients in whom no IED were detected following an SD-EEG (23.7%) and the clinical suspicion of epilepsy was still high, nocturnal polysomnography was performed and interictal epileptiform activity was observed in 13.6%. CONCLUSIONS: SD-EEG increases the chances of recording IED by 35% with respect to W-EEG. Sleep deprivation is a method for activating epileptiform paroxysms, regardless of whether the EEG is performed while sleeping or not, although this effect is more pronounced in patients who do manage to sleep. TITLE: Importancia de la privacion de sueño como mecanismo activador de paroxismos epileptiformes intercriticos. UNLABELLED: Introduccion. Aunque la privacion de sueño se ha utilizado durante años en electroencefalografia (EEG) como metodo de activacion de descargas epileptiformes intercriticas (DEI) en pacientes con alta sospecha de epilepsia, su sensibilidad y especificidad estan aun en discusion. Pacientes y metodos. Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo de pacientes pediatricos derivados a neurofisiologia clinica para valoracion de epilepsia. Se han comparado los resultados de los EEG de privacion de sueño (EEG-PS) con los EEG de vigilia (EEG-V) en cada paciente para describir su rendimiento como mecanismo activador de DEI. Resultados. Se han analizado 500 pacientes (830 EEG-PS y 1.018 EEG-V). En los EEG-V se detectaron DEI en el 44%. El EEG-PS aumento en un 35% la capacidad del test para detectar las DEI. En los EEG-PS en los que se alcanzo sueño espontaneo se observaron DEI (no detectadas en el EEG-V) en un 25,1%. En el grupo de epilepsias focales se constato que el EEG-V detecto DEI en el 60,1% frente al 79,12% demostradas con el EEG-PS. En las epilepsias generalizadas esta diferencia fue mas marcada (27,2% y 77,2%, respectivamente). En los pacientes en los que tras un EEG-PS no se detectaron DEI (23,7%) y la sospecha clinica de epilepsia seguia siendo alta, se realizo polisomnografia nocturna y se llego a objetivar actividad epileptiforme intercritica en un 13,6%. Conclusiones. El EEG-PS aumenta la posibilidad de recoger DEI en un 35% con respecto al EEG-V. La privacion de sueño es un metodo activador de paroxismos epileptiformes, independientemente de si hay sueño o no durante la realizacion del EEG, aunque este efecto es mas marcado en los pacientes que alcanzan sueño.

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