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  • Title: The retention of titanium pins in high-copper amalgam and their influence on its fracture resistance.
    Author: Brackett WW, Johnston WM.
    Journal: Oper Dent; 1989; 14(3):136-41. PubMed ID: 2700383.
    Abstract:
    The influence of titanium pins on the fracture resistance of amalgam and the retention of amalgam by titanium pins were compared to that of stainless-steel pins. The retention of stainless-steel pins embedded in amalgam to various depths was also evaluated. None of the pins had a significant influence on the compressive fracture resistance of amalgam. All pins embedded to standard depth in amalgam failed in tension, with titanium pins demonstrating the lowest resistance to tensile forces. Stainless-steel pins embedded 1.75 or 1.5 mm and loaded in tension caused failure in the amalgam, but at forces comparable to the retention of such pins in dentin.
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