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  • Title: Alloimmunisation rates of sickle cell disease patients in the United States differ from those in other geographical regions.
    Author: Zheng Y, Maitta RW.
    Journal: Transfus Med; 2016 Jun; 26(3):225-30. PubMed ID: 27197689.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVES: Comparison of the alloimmunisation rates of patients with sickle cell disease in the Unites States versus other countries. BACKGROUND: Sickle cell disease (SCD) patients treated with chronic transfusion therapy are at a high risk of red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunisation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed published literature describing alloimmunisation rates of SCD patients. Average alloimmunisation rates and number of alloantibodies per transfused patient in the United States and other countries were evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies on alloimmunisation of SCD patients were found, 15 studies with 3,708 patients in the US and 9 studies with 2203 patients from other regions, including South America, the Caribbean, Middle East, Africa and Europe. The United States has a higher alloimmunisation rate (22·33 ± 0·13% versus 16·25 ± 0·35%, p < 0·0001) and a higher number of alloantibodies per transfused patient (0·45 ± 0·003 versus 0·20 ± 0·005, p < 0·0001) than other countries. Brazil with a higher proportion of multi-ethnic donors demonstrated a lower alloimmunisation rate compared to the United States (14·60 ± 0·40% versus 22·33 ± 0·13%, p < 0·0001) and fewer alloantibodies per transfused patient (0·20 ± 0·02 versus 0·45 ± 0·003, p < 0·0001) than the United States. CONCLUSION: SCD patients in the United States had a higher alloimmunisation rate, which could be reduced by a more ethnically diverse donor pool and a more conservative transfusion strategy in non-critical conditions.
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