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  • Title: Physical Activity Self-Efficacy and Fitness: Family Environment Relationship Correlates and Self-Esteem as a Mediator among Adolescents Who Are Overweight or Obese.
    Author: Nock NL, Ievers-Landis CE, Dajani R, Knight D, Rigda A, Narasimhan S, Uli N.
    Journal: Child Obes; 2016 Oct; 12(5):360-7. PubMed ID: 27243476.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding how dimensions of the family social environment relate to fitness levels and physical activity self-efficacy (PASE) among adolescents who are overweight or obese and whether these relationships are mediated by self-esteem. METHODS: Potential associations were evaluated between relationship subdomains (cohesion, conflict, expressivity) of the Family Environment Scale (FES), self-esteem (Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, RSES), and PASE and fitness, using recovery heart rate [RHR, beats per minute (bpm)] from a 3-minute submaximal step test at baseline. Participants were 108 adolescents who were overweight or obese and were seeking weight-loss treatment as part of the Healthy Kids, Healthy Weight 12-week multidisciplinary pediatric weight management program. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to simultaneously evaluate paths between these variables and test for mediation. RESULTS: In multivariable models, higher FES cohesion (β = -2.18, s.e. = 0.98; p = 0.02), expressivity (β = -1.97, s.e. = 0.99; p < 0.05), and PASE (β = -0.64, s.e. = 0.33; p < 0.05) scores were associated with lower RHR, which represents higher fitness. Furthermore, higher FES conflict scores were associated with lower RSES scores (β = -0.83, s.e. = 0.29; p < 0.01), and FES conflict (β = -0.63, s.e. = 0.22; p < 0.01) and RSES (β = 0.33, s.e. = 0.07; p < 0.01) were associated with PASE scores. In a good-fitting multivariate SEM [Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 1.00; Standardized Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR) = 0.02; Tucker-Lewis index (TLI) = 1.22; Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA) <0.01], RSES mediated the relationship between FES conflict and PASE (sum of indirect paths: β = -0.30, s.e. = 0.11; p < 0.01) scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the importance of the relationship domain of the family environment on self-esteem, PASE, and physical fitness in adolescents who are overweight or obese.
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