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  • Title: Effect of Extended 30 μg Ethinyl Estradiol with Continuous Low-Dose Ethinyl Estradiol and Cyclic 20 μg Ethinyl Estradiol Oral Contraception on Adolescent Bone Density: A Randomized Trial.
    Author: Gersten J, Hsieh J, Weiss H, Ricciotti NA.
    Journal: J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol; 2016 Dec; 29(6):635-642. PubMed ID: 27287084.
    Abstract:
    STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare changes in lumbar spine bone mineral density after 12 months of a 91-day extended regimen or 28-day combined oral contraceptive with those in a healthy reference group not using hormonal contraceptives. DESIGN: Phase 2, multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled study. SETTING: Forty-five academic centers, clinical research centers, and community practices in the United States. PARTICIPANTS: Eight hundred twenty-nine postmenarcheal adolescent girls aged 12-18 years. INTERVENTIONS: Adolescents were randomly assigned to 91-day levonorgestrel (LNG)/ethinyl estradiol (EE) extended regimen (84 days of LNG 150 μg/EE 30 μg with 7 days of EE 10 μg [LNG/EE extended regimen]) or 28 days of LNG/EE (21 days of LNG 100 μg/EE 20 μg with 7 days of placebo [LNG/EE 21/7]) for 12 months. A reference group not seeking hormonal contraception was also evaluated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end point was mean percent change in lumbar spine bone mineral density measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: Of 1361 adolescents randomized/enrolled, 829 were included in the primary analysis. Mean changes in lumbar spine bone mineral density were +2.26% with LNG/EE extended regimen, +1.45% with LNG/EE 21/7, and +2.50% in the reference group. Noninferiority of the LNG/EE extended regimen compared with the reference group was shown. A statistically significant treatment difference was found between LNG/EE 21/7 and the reference group (1.05%; 95% confidence interval, 0.61%-1.49%) but not between LNG/EE extended regimen and the reference group (0.23%; 95% confidence interval, -0.20% to 0.67%). No new safety signals were noted. CONCLUSION: Compared with the reference group, bone accrual was statistically significantly lower among LNG/EE 21/7 users but not among LNG/EE 30-μg extended regimen users. Additional research is needed to clarify the clinical relevance of these findings.
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