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  • Title: Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine induces apoptosis in primary effusion lymphoma in vitro and in vivo through induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress.
    Author: Masud Alam M, Kariya R, Kawaguchi A, Matsuda K, Kudo E, Okada S.
    Journal: Apoptosis; 2016 Oct; 21(10):1191-201. PubMed ID: 27484211.
    Abstract:
    Autophagy plays a crucial role in cancer cell survival and the inhibition of autophagy is attracting attention as an emerging strategy for the treatment of cancer. Chloroquine (CQ) is an anti-malarial drug, and is also known as an inhibitor of autophagy. Recently, it has been found that CQ induces cancer cell death through the inhibition of autophagy; however, the underlying mechanism is not entirely understood. In this study, we identified the role of CQ-induced cancer cell death using Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL) cells. We found that a CQ treatment induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in vitro. CQ also suppressed PEL cell growth in a PEL xenograft mouse model. We showed that CQ activated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signal pathways and induced CHOP, which is an inducer of apoptosis. CQ-induced cell death was significantly decreased by salbrinal, an ER stress inhibitor, indicating that CQ-induced apoptosis in PEL cells depended on ER stress. We show here for the first time that the inhibition of autophagy induces ER stress-mediated apoptosis in PEL cells. Thus, the inhibition of autophagy is a novel strategy for cancer chemotherapy.
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