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  • Title: Pro-atherogenic mediators and subclinical atherogenesis are related to epicardial adipose tissue thickness in patients with cardiovascular risk.
    Author: Peraza-Zaldívar JA, Suárez-Cuenca JA, Aceves-Millán R, Ixcamparij-Rosales C, Amezcua L, Pérez-Cabeza de Vaca R, Guerrero-Celis N, Melchor-López A, Mondragón-Terán P, Alcaráz-Estrada SL.
    Journal: J Int Med Res; 2017 Dec; 45(6):1879-1891. PubMed ID: 27503947.
    Abstract:
    Objective To evaluate the relationship between pro-atherogenic biomarkers and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness in patients with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods Plasma nitric oxide (NO), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, EAT thickness, flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) were determined in patients aged >18 years who were referred for echocardiography for heart ischemia or non-ischemic diseases. Cardiovascular risk factors (Framingham score [FS] ≥ 20) were weighted. Results Hypertension, dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus were prevalent (≥55% of 40 patients). Patients with FS ≥ 20 ( n = 21) showed significantly higher EAT and CIMT values. Globally, MDA, CIMT, age, waist circumference, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and FS were associated with EAT thickness. EAT was significantly associated with NO in patients with FS ≥ 20. Significant differences in EAT thickness were found between patients stratified by NO value, FMD, age, smoking status, dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus and FS. An EAT-associated atherogenic risk (CIMT ≥ 1 mm) model was statistically significant when MDA and type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. Conclusion EAT thickness was associated with MDA, CIMT, age, waist circumference, HDL-C and FS globally, but with NO only in patients with FS≥20. EAT may be used to identify vascular damage stage, possibly influenced by MDA and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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