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  • Title: Pathomechanics and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Thrower's Shoulder.
    Author: Chang IY, Polster JM.
    Journal: Radiol Clin North Am; 2016 Sep; 54(5):801-15. PubMed ID: 27545421.
    Abstract:
    Repetitive, high-velocity overhead throwing can lead to several adaptive changes in the throwing shoulder, which over time lead to structural microtrauma and eventually overt injury. MR imaging is a useful imaging modality to evaluate these changes and to characterize their acuity and severity. Understanding the throwing motion and the effects of this motion on the structures of the shoulder can help radiologists to recognize these findings and provide useful information to referring physicians, which may affect the treatment of these athletes. This article reviews shoulder pathomechanics and MR imaging findings in overhead throwing athletes.
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