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  • Title: Treatment of Residual Facial Arteriovenous Malformations after Embolization with Percutaneous Cryotherapy.
    Author: Woolen S, Gemmete JJ.
    Journal: J Vasc Interv Radiol; 2016 Oct; 27(10):1570-5. PubMed ID: 27670993.
    Abstract:
    This report presents 4 patients (mean age, 22 y; range, 17-26 y) with facial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) who underwent arterial ethanol and N-butyl cyanoacrylate embolization followed by percutaneous cryoablation of residual inaccessible AVMs. After the procedure, minor complications classified as type B according to the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) classification system occurred in 75% (3/4) of patients. One patient achieved 90% obliteration of AVM, and 3 patients had complete obliteration of AVM at 1-year follow-up. This reports shows that percutaneous ablation may be a viable treatment option for residual facial AVMs after ethanol and glue embolization.
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