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  • Title: [Surgical treatment of stage III and IV thymoma].
    Author: Yamashita C, Nakamura K, Okada M, Ishii N, Oota T, Oobo H, Okada A, Tsubota N.
    Journal: Nihon Kyobu Geka Gakkai Zasshi; 1989 Mar; 37(3):391-5. PubMed ID: 2768915.
    Abstract:
    During past 15 years, 39 cases of thymoma were underwent surgical intervention. In these cases, invasive type, so called stage III and IV in Masaoka's classification were 19 cases. This report documents the results of extended operation in 19 patients treated for malignant thymoma. All patients had neoplasm which invaded adjacent structures; superior vena cava, pericardium, and lung. Eight patients had disseminated lesions in the pleural or pericardial cavities. All patients were underwent surgical exploration through median sternotomy (18 patients) or left thoracotomy (1 patient). Our surgical management to malignant thymoma is to have complete resection, even if tumor invades the great veins. Of 8 patients, superior vena cava and left innominate vein were resected with tumor and reconstructed with ringed PTFE. Mediastinal pleura and pericardium should be widely opened and intrapericardial or intrapleural disseminated lesions should be removed as far as possible. Malignant thymoma could be resected completely applying technique of vascular surgery. Good results were expected when tumor was resected with invading adjacent structures completely. Reoperation to the recurrent tumor is also important.
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