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  • Title: Implicit and explicit self-esteem in remitted depressed patients.
    Author: Smeijers D, Vrijsen JN, van Oostrom I, Isaac L, Speckens A, Becker ES, Rinck M.
    Journal: J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry; 2017 Mar; 54():301-306. PubMed ID: 27821349.
    Abstract:
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Low self-esteem is a symptom of depression and depression vulnerability. Prior research on self-esteem has largely focused on implicit (ISE) and explicit self-esteem (ESE) as two separate constructs, missing their interaction. Therefore, the current study investigated the interaction between ISE and ESE in a depression-vulnerable group (remitted depressed patients; RDs), compared to never-depressed controls (ND). METHODS: Seventy-five RDs and 75 NDs participated in the study. To measure ESE, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) was used. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) and the Name Letter Preference Task (NLPT) were used to assess ISE. RESULTS: RDs reported lower ESE than NDs. However, the two groups did not differ on ISE. RDs exhibited a damaged self-esteem or a low-congruent self-esteem, similar to what has been found in currently depressed patients. Moreover, damaged self-esteem was associated with residual depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS: The results need to be interpreted with care because the IAT and NLPT did not reveal the same associations with the clinical measures. CONCLUSIONS: Implicit and explicit self-esteem may be different constructs in depression and studying the combination is important. The present study provides evidence indicating that damaged self-esteem may be more detrimental than low congruent self-esteem.
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