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  • Title: Elucidation of Percutaneously Accessible Lymph Nodes in Swine: A Large Animal Model for Interventional Lymphatic Research.
    Author: Kraitchman D, Kamel I, Weiss C, Georgiades C.
    Journal: J Vasc Interv Radiol; 2017 Mar; 28(3):451-456. PubMed ID: 27866702.
    Abstract:
    PURPOSE: To define percutaneously accessible, anatomically reproducible swine lymph nodes using magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and ethiodized oil (Lipiodol; Guerbet, Bloomington, Indiana) lymphangiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five adult female swine (Yorkshire, 50-60 kg) were used. Under general anesthesia, T1-weighted and T2-weighted, coronal and axial images of the entire swine were obtained. The animal's extrathoracic, extraperitoneal soft tissues from the neck to the groins were examined with ultrasound. Lymph nodes ≥ 1 cm were marked before the animal was transferred to the angiography suite. Under ultrasound guidance, the nodes were accessed, and lymphangiograms were obtained. The imaging findings between the 3 modalities were correlated, and the lymph node drainage was mapped. RESULTS: Four lymph nodes/lymph node groups were identified that were reproducible in all 5 animals, > 1 cm and percutaneously accessible: submandibular node, superficial cervical lymph node group, subiliac node, and superficial inguinal lymph node group. Drainage of these nodes mirrored human anatomy. The abdominopelvic lymphatics formed a retroperitoneal cisterna chyli and drained cephalad via a thoracic duct. CONCLUSIONS: The swine exhibits reproducible lymphatic anatomy with at least 4 percutaneously accessible lymph nodes/lymph node groups. Based on these results, the swine may be a suitable large animal model for research into lymphatic interventions.
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