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  • Title: Concomitant helminth infection downmodulates the Vaccinia virus-specific immune response and potentiates virus-associated pathology.
    Author: Gazzinelli-Guimarães PH, de Freitas LF, Gazzinelli-Guimarães AC, Coelho F, Barbosa FS, Nogueira D, Amorim C, Dhom-Lemos LC, Oliveira LM, da Silveira AB, da Fonseca FG, Bueno LL, Fujiwara RT.
    Journal: Int J Parasitol; 2017 Jan; 47(1):1-10. PubMed ID: 28003150.
    Abstract:
    The aim of this work was to elucidate the immunopathological mechanisms of how helminths may influence the course of a viral infection, using a murine model. Severe virulence, a relevant increase in the virus titres in the lung and a higher mortality rate were observed in Ascaris and Vaccinia virus (VACV) co-infected mice, compared with VACV mono-infected mice. Immunopathological analysis suggested that the ablation of CD8+ T cells, the marked reduction of circulating CD4+ T cells producing IFN-γ, and the robust pulmonary inflammation were associated with the increase of morbidity/mortality in co-infection and subsequently with the negative impact of concomitant pulmonary ascariasis and respiratory VACV infection for the host. On the other hand, when evaluating the impact of the co-infection on the parasitic burden, co-infected mice presented a marked decrease in the total number of migrating Ascaris lung-stage larvae in comparison with Ascaris mono-infection. Taken together, our major findings suggest that Ascaris and VACV co-infection may potentiate the virus-associated pathology by the downmodulation of the VACV-specific immune response. Moreover, this study provides new evidence of how helminth parasites may influence the course of a coincident viral infection.
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