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  • Title: Cephalometric standards for American Negro children.
    Author: Alexander TL, Hitchcock HP.
    Journal: Am J Orthod; 1978 Sep; 74(3):298-304. PubMed ID: 281133.
    Abstract:
    1. Our findings are comparable to the measurements of Drummond and Altemus. 2. Most skeletal measurements of the Alabama Negro are greater than those of Caucasians. 3. There is no difference between Caucasians and Negroes in the mean of the facial plane--SN angle. 4. The maxilla is proportionately more anteriorly placed than the mandible in the Negro. 5. The upper and lower incisors are more procumbent and protrusive in Negroes. 6. Standard deviations are about the same for whites and blacks, other than those for skeletal measurements. 7. Neither Angle's Class II nor Class III malocclusions occur as frequently in the black population as in the white population.
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