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  • Title: Coaggregation of κ-Casein and β-Lactoglobulin Produces Morphologically Distinct Amyloid Fibrils.
    Author: Raynes JK, Day L, Crepin P, Horrocks MH, Carver JA.
    Journal: Small; 2017 Apr; 13(14):. PubMed ID: 28146312.
    Abstract:
    The unfolding, misfolding, and aggregation of proteins lead to a variety of structural species. One form is the amyloid fibril, a highly aligned, stable, nanofibrillar structure composed of β-sheets running perpendicular to the fibril axis. β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg) and κ-casein (κ-CN) are two milk proteins that not only individually form amyloid fibrillar aggregates, but can also coaggregate under environmental stress conditions such as elevated temperature. The aggregation between β-Lg and κ-CN is proposed to proceed via disulfide bond formation leading to amorphous aggregates, although the exact mechanism is not known. Herein, using a range of biophysical techniques, it is shown that β-Lg and κ-CN coaggregate to form morphologically distinct co-amyloid fibrillar structures, a phenomenon previously limited to protein isoforms from different species or different peptide sequences from an individual protein. A new mechanism of aggregation is proposed whereby β-Lg and κ-CN not only form disulfide-linked aggregates, but also amyloid fibrillar coaggregates. The coaggregation of two structurally unrelated proteins into cofibrils suggests that the mechanism can be a generic feature of protein aggregation as long as the prerequisites for sequence similarity are met.
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