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  • Title: Heterogeneous integration of lithium niobate and silicon nitride waveguides for wafer-scale photonic integrated circuits on silicon.
    Author: Chang L, Pfeiffer MH, Volet N, Zervas M, Peters JD, Manganelli CL, Stanton EJ, Li Y, Kippenberg TJ, Bowers JE.
    Journal: Opt Lett; 2017 Feb 15; 42(4):803-806. PubMed ID: 28198869.
    Abstract:
    An ideal photonic integrated circuit for nonlinear photonic applications requires high optical nonlinearities and low loss. This work demonstrates a heterogeneous platform by bonding lithium niobate (LN) thin films onto a silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide layer on silicon. It not only provides large second- and third-order nonlinear coefficients, but also shows low propagation loss in both the Si3N4 and the LN-Si3N4 waveguides. The tapers enable low-loss-mode transitions between these two waveguides. This platform is essential for various on-chip applications, e.g., modulators, frequency conversions, and quantum communications.
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