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  • Title: Potential toxicity of ionic liquid ([C12mim]BF4) on the growth and biochemical characteristics of a marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum.
    Author: Deng XY, Li D, Wang L, Hu XL, Cheng J, Gao K.
    Journal: Sci Total Environ; 2017 May 15; 586():675-684. PubMed ID: 28202243.
    Abstract:
    Recently, some researchers have pointed out that the threats of ionic liquids (ILs) to aquatic environment cannot be ignored. Thus, this study investigated the potential toxicity of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C12mim]BF4) on a marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum at population, biochemical and physiological levels using 96h growth tests with a batch-culture system. Results showed that [C12mim]BF4 was very stable in aquatic environment during 96h of exposure. The growth of P. tricornutum was significantly inhibited by [C12mim]BF4 with 24, 48, 72 and 96h EC50 values of 0.63, 0.61, 0.68 and 0.72mgL-1, respectively. Although there were no significant differences between the controls and treatments with 0.1 and 0.5mgL-1 [C12mim]BF4, the effective quantum yields (ΦPSII) of the diatom in 1, 2.5, 5 and 10mgL-1 [C12mim]BF4 treatments were 61.48, 17.04, 2.96 and 0.74% of that in the controls at 96h of exposure, respectively. Chl a content of the diatom was decreased by 34.86, 47.79, 49.81, 59.21, 79.82 and 86.98% compared with that of the controls at 96h of exposure in 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5 and 10mgL-1 [C12mim]BF4 treatments, respectively. Relative to the controls, soluble sugar content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities of the diatom increased with increasing [C12mim]BF4 concentrations at 96h of exposure, and reached their maxima (1.46μg106cell-1, 7.48FU107cell-1, 3.35nmol108cell-1, 33.41 and 7.23Umg-1 proteins, respectively) in 5mgL-1 [C12mim]BF4 treatments. While the maximum soluble protein content (1.56μg106cell-1) of the diatom was obtained in 0.5mgL-1 [C12mim]BF4 treatments, and then decreased with increasing [C12mim]BF4 concentrations from 0.5 to 10mgL-1. These findings provide strong evidence for the potential toxicity of ILs to marine diatoms.
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