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  • Title: Effects of three methadone doses combined with acepromazine on sedation and some cardiopulmonary variables in dogs.
    Author: Bitti FS, Campagnol D, Rangel JP, Nunes Junior JS, Loureiro B, Monteiro ER.
    Journal: Vet Anaesth Analg; 2017 Mar; 44(2):237-245. PubMed ID: 28242231.
    Abstract:
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sedative and cardiopulmonary effects of three methadone doses, combined with acepromazine, in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, complete block study. ANIMALS: Six healthy, adult, cross-bred dogs weighing 17.2±4.4 kg (mean±standard deviation). METHODS: Each dog was administered four treatments: acepromazine (0.05 mg kg-1) alone or acepromazine (same dose) in combination with methadone (0.25, 0.50 or 0.75 mg kg-1). All drugs were administered intramuscularly. Sedation was scored by a numeric descriptive scale (NDS, range 0-3) and a simple numerical scale (SNS, range 0-10). Heart rate, invasive blood pressure, arterial blood gases and rectal temperature were measured at 15 to 30 minute intervals for 120 minutes. RESULTS: According to NDS scores, mild to moderate sedation (NDS=1-2) was observed in most dogs in the acepromazine treatment, with only one out of six dogs scored as exhibiting intense sedation (NDS=3). All treatments with methadone resulted in significantly higher SNS scores compared with acepromazine alone. In these treatments, most dogs exhibited intense sedation (NDS=3). Increasing the dose of methadone from 0.25 to 0.50 or 0.75 mg kg-1 prolonged sedation in a dose-related manner, but did not influence the degree of sedation. The main adverse effects following administration of acepromazine-methadone treatments were decreased blood pressure, mild respiratory acidosis and decreased rectal temperature. These effects were well tolerated and resolved without treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In this study in six dogs, acepromazine-methadone administration resulted in intense sedation in most dogs. The results are interpreted to indicate that a low dose of methadone (0.25 mg kg-1) administered in combination with acepromazine (0.05 mg kg-1) will induce short-term sedation in dogs, whereas higher doses of methadone should be administered when prolonged sedation is desired.
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