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  • Title: Ballbot-type motion of N-heterocyclic carbenes on gold surfaces.
    Author: Wang G, Rühling A, Amirjalayer S, Knor M, Ernst JB, Richter C, Gao HJ, Timmer A, Gao HY, Doltsinis NL, Glorius F, Fuchs H.
    Journal: Nat Chem; 2017 Feb; 9(2):152-156. PubMed ID: 28282049.
    Abstract:
    Recently, N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) were introduced as alternative anchors for surface modifications and so offered many attractive features, which might render them superior to thiol-based systems. However, little effort has been made to investigate the self-organization process of NHCs on surfaces, an important aspect for the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which requires molecular mobility. Based on investigations with scanning tunnelling microscopy and first-principles calculations, we provide an understanding of the microscopic mechanism behind the high mobility observed for NHCs. These NHCs extract a gold atom from the surface, which leads to the formation of an NHC-gold adatom complex that displays a high surface mobility by a ballbot-type motion. Together with their high desorption barrier this enables the formation of ordered and strongly bound SAMs. In addition, this mechanism allows a complementary surface-assisted synthesis of dimeric and hitherto unknown trimeric NHC gold complexes on the surface.
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