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  • Title: Pathophysiology of the cardio-renal syndromes types 1-5: An uptodate.
    Author: Di Lullo L, Bellasi A, Barbera V, Russo D, Russo L, Di Iorio B, Cozzolino M, Ronco C.
    Journal: Indian Heart J; 2017; 69(2):255-265. PubMed ID: 28460776.
    Abstract:
    According to the recent definition proposed by the Consensus conference on Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative Group, the term cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) has been used to define different clinical conditions in which heart and kidney dysfunction overlap. Type 1 CRS (acute cardio- renal syndrome) is characterized by acute worsening of cardiac function leading to AKI (5, 6) in the setting of active cardiac disease such as ADHF, while type - 2 CRS occurs in a setting of chronic heart disease. Type 3 CRS is closely link to acute kidney injury (AKI), while type 4 represent cardiovascular involvement in chronic kidney disese (CKD) patients. Type 5 CRS represent cardiac and renal involvement in several diseases such as sepsis, hepato - renal syndrome and immune - mediated diseases.
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