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  • Title: Failure torque of ceramic neck titanium implant.
    Author: Elshahawy W, Ajlouni R, Ajlouni K, Sadakah A.
    Journal: J Prosthet Dent; 2018 Mar; 119(3):432-436. PubMed ID: 28645663.
    Abstract:
    STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Dental implants are typically made of titanium. However, with the current systems on the market, the implant neck often shows through the gingival tissues as a black or dark gray line and/or as a grayish discoloration of the peri-implant soft tissue. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to test a new implant design. The key component of this design is the ceramic shell that covers the polished collar of the tissue-level titanium implant and masks its dark color to mimic natural dentition. The main purpose was to determine the maximum torque for fracturing the ceramic shell and compare it with clinical implant insertion torque value. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Type 4 commercially pure titanium endosseous implants of 3 different diameters (3.3, 4.1, and 4.8 mm) were used. Porcelain was applied in 0.5-mm thickness to the polished collar of each implant. An axial-torsional universal testing machine was used to twist the implants until failure. The data (n=10) were statistically analyzed by ANOVA and the Tukey honest significant difference test (α=.05). The maximum torque for each diameter group was also compared with the optimum clinical implant insertion torque value of 35 Ncm (control) using a 1-sample t test. RESULTS: None of the tested groups had a fractured ceramic shell. Instead, the implant carriers fractured at the maximum torque levels. Therefore, the fracture of the implant carriers was selected as the maximum (failure) torque value. A statistical difference was found for the failure torque between the 3.3-mm diameter and the other 2 diameters (P<.001) although no statistical differences were found between the 4.1-mm and 4.8-mm diameters (P=.106). A statistically significant difference was found between the failure torque of any one of the tested groups and the clinical insertion torque (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: The ceramic shells did not fracture. Instead, the implant carriers fractured at certain torque levels. These levels were sufficiently higher than the clinical torque values.
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