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Title: [Effects of seawater immersion on the inflammatory response and oxygen free radical injury of rats with superficial partial-thickness scald at early stage].
Author: Yang YX, Wang JH, Liu L, Zou Q, Zhang Y, Bai Z.
Journal: Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi; 2017 Jun 20; 33(6):361-367. PubMed ID: 28648040.
Abstract:
Objective: To study the effects of seawater immersion on the inflammatory response and oxygen free radical injury of rats with superficial-thickness scald at early stage. Methods: Seventy Wistar rats were divided into healthy control group (HC, n=7), pure scald group (PS, n=21), scald+ fresh water immersion group (SF, n=21), and scald+ seawater immersion group (SS, n=21) according to the random number table. Rats in group HC did not receive any treatment, while 5% total body surface area superficial partial-thickness scald was made on the back of rats in the latter three groups. Rats in group PS lived freely immediately post burn, while wounds on the back of rats in groups SF and SS were immersed into fresh water and seawater, respectively. Serum and full-thickness skin tissue in the center of wounds on the back of 7 rats in groups PS, SF, and SS at post immersion (injury) hour (PIH) 2, 4, and 6 were collected, respectively, while serum and full-thickness skin tissue at the same position of the 7 rats in group HC were collected at PIH 6 of rats in other groups. Morphology of skin tissue was observed with HE staining; tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) content in serum and skin tissue was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; superoxide dismutase (SOD) content in serum and skin tissue was determined by hydroxylamine method; malondialdehyde content in serum and skin tissue was determined by thiobarbituric acid method. Data were processed with analysis of variance of factorial design, one-way analysis of variance, Welch test, LSD test, and Tamhane test. Results: (1) Epidermal cells of skin tissue of rats in group HC arranged in order and continuously, and the dermis tissue and accessory structures were clear and complete. The skin layer and epidermis of wounds of rats in group PS had no significant change, but the edema of epidermis and dermis and infiltration of inflammatory cells enhanced over time at PIH 2, 4, and 6. The horny layer of epidermis of wounds of rats in group SF reduced, and the edema of epidermis and dermis and infiltration of inflammatory cells enhanced over time at PIH 2, 4, and 6; some epidermal cells disintegrated at PIH 6. The horny layer of epidermis of wounds of rats in group SS significantly reduced, along with the increase in disintegration of epidermal cells, the significant enhancement of edema of epidermis and dermis, and infiltration of a large number of inflammatory cells over time at PIH 2, 4, and 6. (2) Compared with (247±27) pg/mL in group HC, the serum content of TNF-α of rats in group PS significantly increased at PIH 2 and 4 [respectively (675±122) and (367±54) pg/mL, P<0.05 or P<0.01] but significantly decreased at PIH 6 [(147±27) pg/mL, P<0.01]; the serum content of TNF-α of rats in group SF significantly decreased at PIH 6 [(90±24) pg/mL, P<0.01]; the serum content of TNF-α of rats in group SS significantly increased at PIH 2, 4, and 6 [respectively (1 646±58), (2 086±114), and (2 951±58) pg/mL, with P values below 0.01]. Compared with (364±123) U/mL in group HC, the serum content of SOD of rats in group PS significantly increased at PIH 2 and 4 [respectively (489±13) and (447±14) U/mL, with P values below 0.05]; the serum content of SOD of rats in group SF significantly decreased at PIH 6 [(282±13) U/mL, P<0.05]; the serum content of SOD of rats in group SS significantly increased at PIH 2 [(461±23) U/mL, P<0.05] but significantly decreased at PIH 4 and 6 [respectively (226±8) and (205±10) U/mL, with P values below 0.01]. Compared with that in group HC, the serum content of malondialdehyde of rats in groups PS, SF, and SS significantly increased at PIH 2, 4, and 6 (with P values below 0.01). (3) Compared with that in group HC, the TNF-α content in wound tissue of rats in groups PS and SS significantly increased at PIH 2, 4, and 6 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the TNF-α content in wound tissue of rats in group SF significantly increased at PIH 2 and 4 (with P values below 0.01). Compared with that in group HC, the SOD content in wound tissue of rats in groups PS and SF significantly increased at PIH 2, 4, and 6 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the SOD content in wound tissue of rats in group SS significantly increased at PIH 2 and 4 (with P values below 0.01). Compared with that in group HC, the malondialdehyde content in wound tissue of rats in groups PS, SF, and SS significantly increased at PIH 2, 4, and 6 (with P values below 0.01). Conclusions: Seawater immersion can enhance the inflammatory response and oxygen free radical injury of wounds and the whole body of rats with superficial partial-thickness scald at early stage. 目的： 了解行海水浸泡处理对浅Ⅱ度烫伤大鼠早期炎症反应及氧自由基损伤的影响。 方法： 取Wistar大鼠70只，按照随机数字表法分为健康对照组7只、单纯烫伤组21只、烫伤＋淡水浸泡组21只、烫伤＋海水浸泡组21只。健康对照组大鼠不行任何处理，其余3组大鼠背部均造成5%TBSA浅Ⅱ度烫伤。伤后即刻，单纯烫伤组大鼠自由活动，烫伤＋淡水浸泡组及烫伤＋海水浸泡组大鼠背部创面分别浸泡于淡水和海水中。于浸泡后(伤后)2、4、6 h，单纯烫伤组、烫伤＋淡水浸泡组、烫伤＋海水浸泡组各取7只大鼠，收集大鼠血清，切取大鼠背部创面中心全层皮肤组织；健康对照组于其他组大鼠伤后6 h取7只大鼠，收集血清并取相同部位全层皮肤组织。HE染色观察皮肤组织形态，ELISA法检测血清和皮肤组织TNF－α含量，羟胺法测定血清和皮肤组织SOD含量，硫代巴比妥酸法测定血清和皮肤组织丙二醛含量。对数据行析因设计方差分析、单因素方差分析、Welch检验、LSD检验及Tamhane检验。 结果： (1)健康对照组大鼠皮肤组织表皮细胞排列整齐、连续，真皮层组织及附属结构清晰完整。单纯烫伤组大鼠伤后2、4、6 h，创面皮肤层次及表皮无明显改变，表皮及真皮水肿、炎性细胞浸润情况随时间的延长而增强。烫伤＋淡水浸泡组大鼠伤后2、4、6 h，创面皮肤表皮角质层随时间的延长而减少，表皮及真皮水肿、炎性细胞浸润增强；伤后6 h部分表皮细胞崩解。烫伤＋海水浸泡组大鼠伤后2、4、6 h，创面皮肤表皮角质层随着时间的延长明显减少，表皮细胞崩解逐渐增多，表皮及真皮水肿明显增强，大量炎性细胞浸润。(2)与健康对照组的(247±27)pg/mL比较，单纯烫伤组大鼠血清TNF－α含量在伤后2、4 h明显升高[分别为(675±122)、(367±54)pg/mL，P<0.05或P<0.01]，在伤后6 h明显降低[(147±27)pg/mL，P<0.01]；烫伤＋淡水浸泡组大鼠血清TNF－α含量在伤后6 h明显降低[(90±24)pg/mL，P<0.01]；烫伤＋海水浸泡组大鼠血清TNF－α含量在伤后2、4、6 h明显升高[分别为(1 646±58)、(2 086±114)、(2 951±58)pg/mL，P值均小于0.01]。与健康对照组的(364±123)U/mL比较，单纯烫伤组大鼠血清SOD含量在伤后2、4 h明显升高[分别为(489±13)、(447±14)U/mL，P值均小于0.05]；烫伤＋淡水浸泡组大鼠血清SOD含量在伤后6 h明显降低[(282±13)U/mL，P<0.05]；烫伤＋海水浸泡组大鼠血清SOD含量在伤后2 h明显升高[(461±23)U/mL，P<0.05]，在伤后4、6 h明显降低[分别为(226±8)、(205±10)U/mL，P值均小于0.01]。与健康对照组比较，单纯烫伤组、烫伤＋淡水浸泡组、烫伤＋海水浸泡组大鼠血清丙二醛含量在伤后2、4、6 h明显升高(P值均小于0.01)。(3)与健康对照组比较，单纯烫伤组、烫伤＋海水浸泡组大鼠创面组织TNF－α含量在伤后2、4、6 h明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)，烫伤＋淡水浸泡组大鼠创面组织TNF－α含量在伤后2、4 h明显升高(P值均小于0.01)。与健康对照组比较，单纯烫伤组、烫伤＋淡水浸泡组大鼠创面组织SOD含量在伤后2、4、6 h明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)，烫伤＋海水浸泡组大鼠创面组织SOD含量在伤后2、4 h明显升高(P值均小于0.01)。与健康对照组比较，单纯烫伤组、烫伤＋淡水浸泡组、烫伤＋海水浸泡组大鼠创面组织丙二醛含量在伤后2、4、6 h明显升高(P值均小于0.01)。 结论： 海水浸泡可加重浅Ⅱ度烫伤大鼠早期创面及全身的炎症反应以及氧自由基损伤。.

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