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  • Title: Osmoregulation of the cane toad, Bufo marinus, in salt water.
    Author: Liggins GW, Grigg GC.
    Journal: Comp Biochem Physiol A Comp Physiol; 1985; 82(3):613-9. PubMed ID: 2866884.
    Abstract:
    Adult cane toads, B. marinus, survived in salinities up to 40% sea-water (SW). Pre-exposure to 30, then 40% SW, increased the survival time of toads in 50% SW. Plasma from toads acclimated to salt water is hyperosmotic to the environment--a result of increased plasma sodium, chloride and urea concentrations. When toads were placed in tap-water and 20% SW, all significant changes to plasma sodium, chloride, urea and osmotic pressure occurred within the first 2 days of exposure. When toads were placed in 30 and 40% SW environments, the increases in plasma sodium and chloride concentrations occurred within the first 2 days of exposure while urea and total osmotic pressure continued to rise until some time between 2 and 7 days exposure.
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